Yun Zhong, Peiyang Yao, Lujun Wan, Yeming Xiong, Vol. 13, No. 1, January 31, 2019
10.3837/tiis.2019.01.004

• Communication relay nodes (CRNs)
• optimal placement
• fully connected broadband backbone structure
• bi-level programming model
• hierarchical artificial bee colony (HABC)