Waqar Younus, Qamar Abbas, Tehseen Mazhar, Muhammad Iqbal, Halah A.Al-AlShaikh, Tariq Shahzad, Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar, Muhammad Amir khan, Vol. 19, No. 5, May 31, 2025
10.3837/tiis.2025.05.009

• bat algorithm
• Convergence speed
• Function Optimization
• Levy Flights
• Local Optima
• Trap Handling

Yuantian Xia, XuPeng Kou, Weie Jia, Shuhan Lu, Longhe Wang, Lin Li, Vol. 17, No. 7, July 31, 2023
10.3837/tiis.2023.07.006

• Object Detection
• CenterNet
• Prediction stability
• Accuracy consistency
• Convergence speed