Cyber threats: taxonomy, impact, policies, and way forward

• Annas W. Malik,
• Adnan Abid,
• Shoaib Farooq,
• Irfan Abid,
• Naeem A. Nawaz,
• Kashif Ishaq,

Vol. 16, No. 7, July 31, 2022
10.3837/tiis.2022.07.017, Download Paper (Free):

• Cyber-attacks
• Cyber Security
• cyber security laws
• cyber-terrorism
• cyber warfare
• cyber-weapons
• Malware
• Malware detection

Abstract

The continuous evolution and proliferation of computer technology and our increasing dependence on computer technology have created a new class of threats: "cyber threats." These threats can be defined as activities that can undermine a society's ability to maintain internal or external order while using information technology. Cyber threats can be mainly divided into two categories, namely cyber-terrorism and cyber-warfare. A variety of malware programs are often used as a primary weapon in these cyber threats. A significant amount of research work has been published covering different aspects of cyber threats, their countermeasures, and the policy-making for cyber laws. This article aims to review the research conducted in various important aspects of cyber threats and provides synthesized information regarding the fundamentals of cyber threats; discusses the countermeasures for such threats; provides relevant details of high-profile cyber-attacks; discusses the developments in global policy-making for cyber laws, and lastly presents promising future directions in this area.

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