• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems
    Monthly Online Journal (eISSN: 1976-7277)

TL-PBFT: An Improved PBFT Consensus Algorithm Based on Tree-layered Communication Structure


Abstract

Aiming at the problems of high communication complexity, low throughput, and low security of traditional PBFT in large-scale node scenarios, this paper proposes an improved PBFT consensus algorithm based on a tree-like communication structure, TL-PBFT (Tree-layered Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance). The TL-PBFT algorithm reduces the communication burden of each node by organizing the network nodes into a tree-like structure with hierarchical and local consensus mechanisms. TL-PBFT introduces tree-like communication paths during the pre-preparation, preparation, and commit phases, where each node only needs to communicate with its parent, child, and sibling nodes, significantly reducing the message passing volume. Meanwhile, a sinking algorithm is designed to address the problem of malicious nodes. The experimental results show that the communication complexity of TL-PBFT is close to O(N), and compared to the traditional PBFT consensus algorithm, it reduces message passing by approximately 50%, shortens consensus latency by about 30%, and improves system throughput by around 40% in large-scale node environments.


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Cite this article

[IEEE Style]
L. Lei, G. Wu, D. Yang, B. Chen, X. Li, "TL-PBFT: An Improved PBFT Consensus Algorithm Based on Tree-layered Communication Structure," KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1987-2007, 2025. DOI: 10.3837/tiis.2025.06.012.

[ACM Style]
Liliang Lei, Guifeng Wu, Dengqi Yang, Benhui Chen, and Xiaowei Li. 2025. TL-PBFT: An Improved PBFT Consensus Algorithm Based on Tree-layered Communication Structure. KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems, 19, 6, (2025), 1987-2007. DOI: 10.3837/tiis.2025.06.012.

[BibTeX Style]
@article{tiis:102781, title="TL-PBFT: An Improved PBFT Consensus Algorithm Based on Tree-layered Communication Structure", author="Liliang Lei and Guifeng Wu and Dengqi Yang and Benhui Chen and Xiaowei Li and ", journal="KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems", DOI={10.3837/tiis.2025.06.012}, volume={19}, number={6}, year="2025", month={June}, pages={1987-2007}}